chemical
Household bleach
A powerful oxidiser that disinfects well and reacts badly with almost everything else in the cupboard.
What it actually does
Sodium hypochlorite oxidises organic matter, which destroys pigments and kills microorganisms. It does not remove dirt — clean the surface first, then disinfect, or the bleach is spent on soil instead of germs.
Using it
Dilute per the label, usually far weaker than people assume. Ten minutes of wet contact time. Rinse food surfaces afterwards.
Losing strength
Bleach degrades. An opened bottle older than six months is substantially weaker than the label claims.